CartagenaQarṭāǧannaḧ al-Ḥalfā is a Spanish Mediterranean city and naval station in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia. Cartagena has been the capital of the Spanish Navy's Maritime Department of the Mediterranean since the arrival of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th Century. As far back as the 16th Century it was one of the most important naval ports in Spain. It is a walled town and has a fine harbour defended by forts. In the time of Philip II of Spain, it was a major naval seaport of Spain. It is still an important naval seaport, the main military haven of Spain and there is a big naval shipyard. HistoryCartagena was founded about 230 BC by Carthaginian general Hasdrubal as Qart Hadast, Punic for "new city". Hasdrubal extended the newly acquired Carthaginian empire in Iberia by skillful diplomacy, and consolidated it by the foundation of Qart Hadast in an excellent haven as the capital of a new province. Hannibal got silver from themines there to carry on the war against Rome. When it was taken by the Roman general Scipio Africanus Major in 209 BC it was renamed as Carthago Nova, Latin for "New Carthage". At the time Carthago Nova was said to be one of the richest cities in the world. The city gave its name (without the 'new') to the youngest province in the Hispaniaediocese, in the form of an adjective:Carthaginiensis. In 1873, the garrison arose against the First Spanish Republic and formed the independant Cartagena Canton. Since they had the best part of the Spanish Navy, they cruised the Spanish Mediterranean trying to bring them to Cantonalism. The Federalist Spanish government declared them a pirate fleet, encouraging foreign countries to chase and sink them. MuseumsNext to the Arsenal (Menéndez Pelayo), there is a Naval Museum. On the opposite side of the harbour to the city is the National Museum for Underwater Archeology, containing a reconstructed Roman galley and exhibits from shipwrecks.
Architecture
Cartagena was the birthplace of Isodore of Seville, the Director of the Holy See (Vatican) Press Office Joaquin Navarro Valls and the Spanish writer Arturo Perez Reverte.
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Cartagena's sense of self-importance appeared again during the establishment of Autonomous Communities in Spain. Some Cartageneros were not happy to be in the same region as inland Murcianos. The Autonomy Act struck a compromise by having Murcia as the seat of the regional government and Cartagena as the seat of the regional parliament (Asamblea Regional). Cartagena has many archaeologic sites. Ruins identified as a temple to Melqart have been uncovered. Throughout the old centre you can find museums with remains of Roman buildings.